Ultra-processed foods can cause diabetes

Ultra-processed foods can cause diabetes

Dr KK Aggarwal

President CMAAO and HCFI

Food, which has been significantly changed from its original state, with salt, sugar, fat, additives, preservatives and/or artificial colours added.

Ultra-processed foods like candy, soft drinks, pizza and chips do not contain enough of the beneficial nutrients that the body requires.

Unprocessed or minimally processed foods: Vegetables, grains, legumes, fruits, nuts, meats, seafood, herbs, spices, garlic, eggs and milk.

Processed foods: When ingredients such as oil, sugar or salt are added to foods and they are packaged, the result is processed foods. Examples are simple bread, cheese, tofu, and canned tuna or beans. These foods have been altered, but not in a way that’s detrimental to health.

Ultra-processed foods: These foods go through multiple processes (extrusion, molding, milling, etc.), contain many added ingredients and are highly manipulated. Examples are soft drinks, chips, chocolate, candy, ice-cream, sweetened breakfast cereals, packaged soups, chicken nuggets, hotdogs, fries and more.

 

High consumption of these ultra-processed foods is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, independent of other risk factors including weight and nutritional quality of the diet, a new study indicates.

Ultra-processed foods consumption has previously being linked to increased risks of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, mortality, depressive symptoms, and metabolic disorders.

The study published online  in JAMA Internal Medicine involved 104,707 participants in the ongoing, web-based NutriNet-Santé study in France.

Rates of type 2 diabetes among the lowest and highest ultra-processed foods consumers were 113 and 166 per 100,000 person-years, respectively.

Over a median follow-up of 6 years, the consumption of ultra-processed foods was found to be associated with a significantly higher risk of type 2 diabetes, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.15 for each 10% increase of ultra-processed foods in the diet.

Other physical and chemical processes, such as high-temperature heating, are associated with the production of contaminants posing health risks, such as acrylamide, found mainly in fried potatoes, biscuits, cakes, and coffee, which have been associated with insulin resistance.

Ultra-processed foods usually go through several physical and chemical processes such as extruding, molding, pre-frying, (or) hydrogenation, possibly leading to the production of new compounds with potential cardiometabolic disruption properties.

They also typically contain food substances of no or rare culinary use (some varieties of refined sugars, hydrogenated oils) and various types of cosmetic additives (emulsifiers, sweeteners, thickening agents, colorants), with cardiometabolic effects postulated for some.  

It’s time to change food labeling policy to tackle the obesity epidemic in the country

It’s time to change food labeling policy to tackle the obesity epidemic in the country

The Health Ministry has made it mandatory for some medicines to have a red vertical line on their strips to sensitize the public to the fact that these medicines are meant to be consumed only with the doctor's prescription. Most notable of these ‘prescription-only’ drugs are antibiotics. This Red line campaign is intended to create public awareness about antibiotic resistance, which has emerged as a major public health problem.  

It is also now mandatory to display pictorial health warnings covering 85% of the tobacco product packages as a means to discourage consumption of tobacco by the people.

There is an upsurge of obesity in India, which is rising at an alarming pace. India has the second highest number of obese children in the world after China. Normal weight obesity is the new epidemic of the society. A person could be obese even if his/her body weight was within the normal range. An extra inch of fat around the abdomen increases the chances of heart disease by 1.5 times.

Overweight and obesity are well recognized as predisposing to lifestyle disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome. Unhealthy diet comprising of foods high in saturated fats, sugar and salt (junk food, processed food) along with a sedentary lifestyle are major contributors to overweight and obesity. Hence, there is an urgent need to prevent and control obesity.

Along the lines of the Medicines with red line campaign and pictorial health warnings on tobacco products, the Heart Care Foundation of India (HCFI) suggests that packages of all food products that contain high levels of sugar, calories, salt and saturated fats should carry a ‘red dot’ or a ‘red arrow pointing upwards” on the food label, which carries the nutritional content of that particular food product as a symbol warning the consumer that the food product contains unhealthy amounts of fats, sugar and salt. 

Chile introduced a new food labeling system in 2016 to tackle obesity. Food packages that are high in sugar, calories, saturated fat, and salt now carry black, stop-sign warnings with the words “Alto en” or “high in.”  “Alto En Calorias” – high in calories, “Alto En Grasas saturadas” – high in saturated fats, “Alto En Sodio” – high in sodium and “Alto En Azucares” – high in sugar.

Such a change in the food labeling policy may discourage the public from choosing such foods products not only for themselves, but most importantly for their children.

Overweight and obesity in childhood also predispose children to lifestyle diseases later in life. Hence, it is important to encourage healthy eating habits early in life.

HCFI has also written to the health ministry for consideration of this suggestion.

Dr KK Aggarwal

Padma Shri Awardee
Vice President CMAAO
Group Editor-in-Chief IJCP Publications

President Heart Care Foundation of India

Immediate Past National President IMA