Every person has a distinct unique set of characteristics that
distinguishes them from the other.
“Individualization” is inherent in the science of homeopathy, which
recognizes every patient to be different from the other, even if they have the
same disease and individualizes treatment for every person.
The modern system of medicine is also now shifting towards person-centric
medicine. Every patient has to be managed differently for the best possible
outcome. What is acceptable to one patient, may not be acceptable to the other.
Treatment must be tailored to each individual patient taking into consideration
their individual characteristics, culture, personal preferences, expectations
etc.
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has defined patient-centered care as:
“Providing care that is respectful of, and responsive to, individual patient
preferences, needs and values, and ensuring that patient values guide all
clinical decisions.”
A few days back, I spoke about the social determinants of health; the
social situation of the patient, environmental factors, which influence health
of a person. These may differ from patient to patient. Their personal and
family history including medical history are different. Individual response to
drugs may vary, the side effects may vary. All these variables need to be taken
into account when formulating a treatment plan.
For this reason, the standard treatment guidelines need to be challenged.
Guidelines are evidence-based recommendations for groups of patients, but not
the individual patient. While they give a direction, they cannot be applied to
all patients alike. Doctors must exercise clinical judgement in selecting the
best treatment option for a particular patient.
Individualized treatment plans are based on the unique demands of that
particular patient and address the needs of that patient and what the patient
wants. They also involve the patient and encourage shared decision making with
the patient and the family.
Dr KK Aggarwal
National President IMA & HCFI
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