The prevalence of pertussis in US is increasing. Infants younger than three months of age are at highest risk. Vaccination of the mother can decrease the risk of infant exposure, and placental transfer of maternal antibodies may additionally provide a degree of passive protection to the infant for two to six months.
In 2013, the United States Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recommended that all pregnant women receive the tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine during each pregnancy, optimally between 27 and 36 weeks of gestation, regardless of prior vaccination status. Previously, Tdap was recommended only for pregnant women who had not previously received the acellular pertussis vaccine during adulthood (1).
Influenza vaccination is recommended in pregnancy as both mother and fetus are at increased risk. Maternal vaccination provides passive protection to the infant.
The safety and efficacy of vaccination of pregnant women has been confirmed in a retrospective analysis of over 100,000 pregnancies during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic inNorway(2).
All women who are pregnant or will be pregnant during influenza season should receive the inactivated influenza vaccine, regardless of pregnancy trimester.
References
- Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Recommended Immunization Schedules for Persons Aged 0 through 18 years and Adults Aged 19 Years and Older — United States, 2013 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm62e0128a1.htm?s_cid=mm62e0128a1_e (Accessed on January 29, 2013).
- Håberg SE, Trogstad L, Gunnes N, et al. Risk of fetal death after pandemic influenza virus infection or vaccination. N Engl J Med 2013;368:333.
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